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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of extensively hydrolyzed formula on the growth and development in very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 375 VLBW or ELBW infants were enrolled and divided into an observation group (187 infants) and a control group (188 infants) using a random number table. The infants in the observation group were given extensively hydrolyzed formula, and when the amount of extensively hydrolyzed formula reached 10 mL/time, it was changed to the standard formula for preterm infants. The infants in the control group were given standard formula for preterm infants. Both groups were fed for 4 consecutive weeks and were compared in terms of incidence rate of feeding intolerance, time to establish full enteral feeding, time to complete meconium excretion, number of spontaneous bowel movements, growth and development, motilin level at 4 and 10 days after feeding, and incidence rate of infection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the observation group had a lower rate of feeding intolerance (P<0.05), a shorter duration to full enteral feeding and time to complete meconium excretion (P<0.05), a higher mean number of daily spontaneous bowel movements (P<0.05), higher body weight (1 793±317 g vs 1 621±138 g; P<0.05), head circumference (30.5±1.1 cm vs 30.0±1.6 cm; P<0.05), and body length (43.9±1.2 cm vs 42.1±2.0 cm; P<0.05), a higher motilin level at 4 and 10 days after feeding (P<0.05), and a significantly lower infection rate (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Extensively hydrolyzed formula can increase motilin level, improve gastrointestinal feeding tolerance, promote early growth and development, and reduce the incidence of infection in VLBW and ELBW infants.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Child Development , Enteral Nutrition , Infant Formula , Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Motilin , BloodABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the impact of early health status on the risk of developing child overweight and obesity so as to provide evidences for preventive measures against child overweight and obesity.Methods Three schools were randomly selected from primary schools in Shanghai, and another three schools were randomly selected from 9-year schools in Shanghai.Retrospective surveys were conducted for 1 511 pupils selected from all the Grade One and Grade Two students of the above selected schools, the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the early risk factors for child overweight and obesity.Results The results of univariate logistic regression analyses showed that for the children with relatively high birth weights, asthma, allergic constitution, histories of chronic diseases, relatively good appetite, relatively high ages that had been notified of their overweight and obesity, the detection rate of overweight and obesity was higher (P<0.05).The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that birth weights(OR=2.699, 95%CI=1.097~6.644), allergic constitution(OR=1.498, 95%CI=1.044~2.149), histories of chronic diseases(OR=2.486, 95%CI=1.327~4.659) and appetite(OR=22.011, 95%CI=8.861~54.673) were the risk factors influencing child overweight and obesity (P<0.05).Conclusion Attention still needs to be paid to the body mass control of the children with relatively high birth weights, allergic constitution and histories of chronic diseases.Scientific and reasonable feeding at early stages as well as cultivating good eating and drinking habits may help prevent and control child overweight and obesity.
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Objective To explore the relationship between central obesity and asthma of 7-to 9-year-old pupils, and to make clear the direction of research for the next stage.Methods By cluster sampling, 6 primary schools in Shanghai were randomly selected;the parents of all the Grade One and Grade Two pupils thereof were surveyed, and physical examinations were made for these pupils.Rates were compared using the chi-square test, and the numerous factors for the central obesity and asthma of school-age children were analyzed by using the logistic regression analysis model.Results The obesity rate of these pupils was 9.40%, the rate of central obesity thereof was 16.41%, and the rate of pupils who had suffered asthma was 4.37%.The body mass index (BMI) was used in the univariate analysis to assess the nutritional status of pupils.The difference in terms of the rate of asthma between the obesity group and the non-obesity group had no statistic significance.However, the assessment based on waist circumferences showed that excess waist circumferences were related to asthma.However, multivariate regression analyses showed that masculinity, aging, little weekend sleep, good appetite, having no preference for foods, big appetite and fast eating were the risk factors for central obesity.In the model, a history of asthma was an risk factor for central obesity.Conclusion Central obesity is related to asthma for 7-to 9-year-old pupils.It is necessary to continue the follow-up study for factors influencing obesity, and to probe into the relationship between obesity and asthma, thereby providing more evidences for public health practices.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of hypothermia therapy on serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) levels in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four HIE neonates were enrolled in this study. Thirty-three neonates with mild HIE were given conventional treatment and 31 neonates with moderate or severe HIE received conventional treatment and hypothermia therapy. Serum levels of GFAP and UCH-L1 were measured using ELISA before treatment and 6-12 hours after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, GFAP and UCH-L1 in the moderate/severe HIE group were significantly higher than in the mild HIE group (P<0.05) before treatment. Serum GFAP level was positively correlated with serum IL-6 (r=0.54; P<0.05) and IL-8 levels (r=0.63; P<0.05), while negatively correlated with Apgar score (r=-0.47, P<0.05). After treatment, serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and UCH-L1 in the moderate/severe HIE group were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while serum GFAP levels increased significantly (P<0.05). The patients with abnormal neurological development showed higher serum GFAP levels than those with favourable prognosis (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis demonstrated that the area under curve (AUC) of GFAP and UCH-L1 were 0.714 and 0.703 respectively. At a cut-off value of 0.07 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of GFAP for the diagnosis of HIE were 77% and 78% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hypothermia therapy can decrease serum UCH-L1 levels and increase serum GFAP levels in neonates with HIE. Based on their diagnostic value of brain injury, GFAP and UCH-L1 are promising to be novel biomarkers for HIE.</p>